Types of abuse

This document is a best practice reference document for use by those in the Church who have a role with children, young people and adults.

It contains information about the types of abuse which can occur and how to recognise them, including physical signs and symptoms as well as behavioural changes that you might observe. Bear in mind that children, young people and adults may be subject to one type of abuse or a combination of types of abuse. It is informed by the definitions available in Working Together 2018 and the Care Act 2014.

The lists of signs and symptoms below are not exhaustive – there may be other signs or symptoms which are not listed below which could be indicators of abuse. Similarly, some of these signs and symptoms will not always be indicators of abuse. The following lists under each category of abuse contain examples of possible indicators. The presence of one or more of these signs or symptoms does not necessarily confirm abuse.

Please note that many types of abuse are also criminal offences and should be treated as such.

2.1. Physical abuse

2.2. Sexual abuse

2.3. Neglect

2.4. Emotional abuse

2.5. Domestic abuse

2.6. Bullying and cyber-bullying

3.1. Physical abuse

3.2. Sexual abuse

3.3. Psychological abuse

3.4. Financial/material abuse

3.5. Modern slavery

3.6. Discriminatory abuse

3.7. Domestic abuse

3.8. Organisational or Institutional Abuse

3.9. Neglect and acts of omission

3.10. Self-neglect

4.1. Additional Signs and Symptoms of Abuse

5.1. Complex abuse

5.2. Honour based violence or abuse 6

5.3. Forced marriage

5.4. Female genital mutilation

5.5. Spiritual abuse 9